In Hindu mythology and astrology, Budha holds a multifaceted significance as both a celestial body and a divine entity. Budha, known as the planet Mercury in modern terms, is intricately woven into the fabric of Hindu cosmology and spirituality. This article aims to unravel the layers of Budha’s mythology, astronomical attributes, and astrological implications, shedding light on its profound influence in Hindu culture.

Budha: The Planet Mercury

Budha, as delineated in ancient Hindu astronomical texts, emerges as a celestial luminary with dynamic characteristics. Across texts such as the Aryabhatiya, Romaka, and Surya Siddhanta, Budha’s movements and attributes are explored with meticulous detail. However, the variations and discrepancies in these texts regarding Budha’s orbital parameters underscore the complexity of ancient astronomical observations and calculations. Despite these differences, the consensus among Hindu scholars regarding Budha’s sidereal revolution time offers a glimpse into the precision of early astronomical studies and their lasting impact on Hindu astrology.

Legends of Budha

The mythological narratives surrounding Budha enrich the tapestry of Hindu lore, portraying him as a pivotal figure in divine genealogy and cosmic events. Born of illustrious parentage—Chandra Deva (the Moon) and either Rohini or Tara—Budha’s lineage intertwines with the celestial realm, imbuing him with significance beyond mortal understanding. The Tarakamaya War mythological saga, intricately woven with tales of gods and celestial beings, serves as a testament to Budha’s divine origins and familial connections. Furthermore, Budha’s role as a progenitor, exemplified through his son King Pururavas, underscores his enduring legacy in Hindu mythology.

Calendar and Hindu Astrology

Budha’s celestial influence extends beyond the realms of mythology, permeating the fabric of time itself through the Hindu calendar and astrological practices. The etymology of ‘Budhavara’—Wednesday—traces its roots to Budha, symbolizing the day dedicated to this celestial deity. Within the intricate framework of Hindu astrology, Budha occupies a revered position as part of the Navagraha system, embodying qualities of intellect, agility, and benevolence. The evolution of the Navagraha, influenced by diverse cultural exchanges and scholarly contributions, reflects the enduring relevance of celestial bodies in shaping human destiny and spiritual consciousness.

Iconography of Budha

Visual representations of Budha offer a glimpse into the artistic interpretation of his divine attributes and symbolism. Clad in vibrant hues of green and yellow, Budha emerges as a benevolent figure adorned with celestial insignia. The imagery of Budha wielding a scimitar, club, and shield evokes notions of protection and divine authority. Whether riding a chariot drawn by eight yellow horses or mounted atop a majestic lion, Budha’s iconography transcends earthly limitations, capturing the essence of celestial splendor and grace.

Budha Mantra

priyangu kalikaashyaamam roopenaa pratimam budham|
soumyam satva gunopetam tam budham pranamaamyaham||

Translation: I bow to Lord Budha, whose complexion is like that of the Kalika flower, who is gentle, adorned with the qualities of purity, and whose wisdom is profound.

Conclusion

Budha, as portrayed in Hindu mythology and astrology, transcends the boundaries of time and space, embodying the eternal interplay between celestial forces and human consciousness. From ancient astronomical observations to mythological narratives and astrological interpretations, Budha’s essence permeates every aspect of Hindu culture with wisdom, intellect, and divine grace. As we unravel the mysteries of Budha’s celestial dance, we embark on a journey of spiritual enlightenment and cosmic understanding, guided by the enduring legacy of this celestial luminary.