Satyabhama, also known as Satrajiti, holds a significant place in Hindu mythology as the third queen consort of Lord Krishna, a major deity in Hinduism. She is recognized as an incarnation of Bhumi, who is a form of Lakshmi, the goddess of wealth and prosperity. Satyabhama is notable for her role in various legends, where her courage, devotion, and assertiveness are highlighted. She has two sisters, Bratini and Prasvapini, who are also her co-wives in Krishna’s household. Her stories contribute richly to the tapestry of Krishna’s divine exploits.

Marriage to Krishna

Satyabhama was the daughter of Satrajit, a prominent Yadava king who served as the royal treasurer of Dvaraka. Satrajit was in possession of the Syamantaka jewel, a priceless gem that was believed to possess magical properties. This jewel had been gifted to him by Surya, the sun god. Despite Krishna’s requests to secure the jewel for safekeeping, Satrajit refused, expressing his intent to keep it for himself.

The situation escalated when Prasena, Satrajit’s brother, went hunting wearing the Syamantaka jewel and was subsequently killed by a lion. The lion was then slain by Jambavan, a bear-like creature with significant strength and wisdom. Jambavan took the jewel and gifted it to his daughter, Jambavati. When Prasena failed to return, rumors began circulating that Krishna had murdered Prasena to steal the jewel.

To clear his name and restore his reputation, Krishna embarked on a quest to retrieve the Syamantaka jewel. His search led him to Jambavan’s cave, where he confronted Jambavan. A fierce battle ensued, lasting 28 days, in which Krishna eventually overpowered Jambavan. Recognizing Krishna’s divine identity as Rama, Jambavan surrendered and returned the jewel, also offering his daughter Jambavati in marriage to Krishna.

With the jewel reclaimed, Krishna returned it to Satrajit, who then offered his daughter Satyabhama to Krishna. Krishna accepted the marriage proposal but declined the jewel. This union resulted in Satyabhama bearing Krishna ten sons: Bhanu, Svabhanu, Subhanu, Bhanuman, Prabhanu, Atibhanu, Pratibhanu, Shribhanu, Bruhadbhanu, and Chandrabhanu.

The Defeat of Narakasura

Narakasura was a formidable demon who ruled over Pragjyotisha, a city believed to be in present-day Assam. As a tyrant, he was notorious for his cruelty and disregard for the divine beings and women. Narakasura’s malevolent actions included defeating Indra, the king of the gods, and abducting 16,000 women, whom he imprisoned in his palace. Additionally, he stole the earrings of Aditi, the mother goddess, and usurped her territories.

In response to Narakasura’s atrocities, Indra sought Krishna’s assistance to defeat the demon and liberate Devaloka from his tyranny. Krishna, accompanied by his mount Garuda and his wife Satyabhama, set out to challenge Narakasura. A fierce and intense battle unfolded between Krishna and Narakasura. Ultimately, Krishna used his Sudarshana Chakra, a divine disc weapon, to vanquish the demon.

Following the defeat of Narakasura, Krishna recovered the stolen earrings and returned them to Aditi. In gratitude for Satyabhama’s support and devotion, Aditi granted her the boon of eternal youth, a blessing celebrated annually during Naraka Chaturdashi, which marks the beginning of the Deepavali festival. Krishna’s victory also resulted in the liberation of the 16,000 women who were imprisoned by Narakasura. To restore their honor, Krishna married them, making them his junior wives.

Scriptural References

Satyabhama’s involvement in Krishna’s exploits is detailed in various ancient texts:

1. Mahabharata: The Mahabharata describes Satyabhama’s role in the battle against Narakasura and highlights her valor and support for Krishna. The epic portrays her as a significant participant in the fight against the demon and details the aftermath of their victory.

2. Harivamsa: In the Harivamsa, the battle between Krishna and Narakasura is vividly described. Krishna’s prowess and the intensity of the conflict are illustrated, culminating in Narakasura’s defeat by Krishna’s divine discus.

3. Srimad Bhagavatam: This text (Srimad Bhagavatam) details the series of events leading to the defeat of Narakasura. It narrates how Krishna, with Satyabhama by his side, fought against the demon, liberated the prisoners, and recovered valuable items. Krishna’s valor and Satyabhama’s role are emphasized throughout the narrative.

4. Vishnu Purana: The Vishnu Purana recounts Krishna’s battle with Narakasura and his destruction of the demon’s army. Krishna’s victory and the recovery of the stolen items are central themes in this scripture, showcasing his divine capabilities and Satyabhama’s supportive role.

The Tulabharam Tale

The tale of the tulabharam is a captivating story that underscores the themes of devotion and humility. According to this legend, Satyabhama was incited by Sage Narada’s comments that suggested Krishna favored Rukmini over her. To prove her devotion, Satyabhama challenged Narada to a test. Narada proposed a ritual where she had to offer Krishna in charity and then reclaim him by providing wealth equivalent to his weight.

Satyabhama, driven by pride and determination, agreed to the challenge. She arranged for a large scale (tula) and gathered her vast treasures of gold and jewels. Despite her substantial wealth, the scales did not balance. Narada warned that failure would result in Krishna being auctioned as a slave. In desperation, Satyabhama sought help from Krishna’s other wives, who contributed their jewels, but the scales still did not balance.

Ultimately, it was Rukmini who resolved the situation by placing a single tulasi leaf on the other side of the scale. Her offering, accompanied by a prayer, balanced the scales, demonstrating that devotion and humility outweigh material wealth. This episode illustrates the profound message that spiritual devotion and sincerity hold greater value than material possessions.

Interactions with Other Figures

Satyabhama’s interactions with other figures in the Mahabharata further enrich her character:

1. Draupadi: In the Vana Parva of the Mahabharata, Satyabhama and Krishna visit the Pandavas and Draupadi in the Kamyaka forest. During their stay, Satyabhama and Draupadi discuss various aspects of married life and dharma (duty). Their conversations offer insights into marital relationships and the responsibilities of women in the context of ancient Indian society.

2. Penances: In another episode, Satyabhama, along with a few other wives of Krishna, undertook rigorous penances in a secluded forest area called Kalpa. They lived on minimal sustenance and devoted their time to spiritual practices and contemplation of Krishna. This act of penance reflects their dedication and commitment to their divine spouse.

Worship and Legacy

Satyabhama is worshipped in various temples dedicated to Krishna, reflecting her enduring significance in Hindu devotional practices. One notable site is the Vithoba Temple complex in Pandharpur, where her shrine is located alongside that of Rahi, another consort of Krishna. Her worship underscores her role as a devoted queen and a revered figure in Krishna’s divine narrative.

Conclusion

Satyabhama’s stories and legends portray her as a powerful and devoted consort of Krishna, with significant contributions to his divine missions and personal life. Her courage, devotion, and involvement in key events such as the defeat of Narakasura and the tulabharam tale highlight her importance in Hindu mythology. Through these narratives, Satyabhama is celebrated not only for her divine association with Krishna but also for her enduring legacy in the spiritual and cultural traditions of Hinduism.