Onam: Kerala’s Grand Festival

Onam is a significant and exuberant festival celebrated in the Indian state of Kerala. Known as Kerala’s official state festival, Onam is a time of unity and joy, transcending religious and caste boundaries. It is observed over ten days, beginning in Chingam, the first month of the Malayalam calendar, which typically falls in August-September according to the Gregorian calendar.

The Legend of King Mahabali

The heart of Onam lies in the legend of King Mahabali, a mythological ruler of Kerala. Mahabali, also known as Maveli, was a demon king who was revered for his just and benevolent rule. His reign was marked by prosperity and equality, with no poverty, crime, or social injustice. This fairness and affluence made him immensely popular among his subjects.

However, the devas (gods) grew envious of Mahabali’s power and influence. Fearing that he might challenge their authority, they sought the intervention of Lord Vishnu, the preserver of the universe. Vishnu took on the form of Vamana, a Brahmin boy, to test Mahabali’s devotion.

During a yajna (sacrificial ritual) Mahabali was performing to seek Vishnu’s blessings, Vamana appeared and requested land that could be covered in three steps. Mahabali, ever generous, granted the request. Vamana then expanded to a colossal size, covering the entire cosmos in two steps. Realizing that the boy was no ordinary being but Vishnu himself, Mahabali offered his own head for the third step.

Impressed by Mahabali’s unwavering devotion and humility, Vishnu granted him a boon. Mahabali was sent to the netherworld (Pathala) but was allowed to visit his people once every year. This event is commemorated on the day of Thiruvonam, which marks the culmination of the Onam festival.

Celebrating Onam: Traditions and Activities

Onam is a ten-day celebration, with Atham (the first day) and Thiruvonam (the tenth day) being the most significant. The festival is characterized by vibrant traditions and cultural activities:

•Athapookkalam: One of the most visually striking aspects of Onam is the Athapookkalam, where intricate floral designs are created on the ground using a variety of colorful flowers. These designs are arranged in concentric circles and often feature elaborate patterns.

•Onam Sadya: The Onam Sadya is a lavish feast that embodies the festival’s spirit of abundance. Served on banana leaves, the meal includes a diverse array of vegetarian dishes, such as sambar, avial, olan, and payasam. The Sadya is not just a meal but a communal event that brings people together.

•Boat Races (Vallamkali): The Vallamkali or snake boat races are a highlight of Onam. These races feature long, narrow boats rowed by teams of rowers, and are held in the backwaters of Kerala. The boats are often decorated with bright colors and traditional designs, and the races are accompanied by lively music and cheering spectators.

•Pulikali: In Pulikali, performers paint their bodies in bright colors to resemble tigers and other animals. They then dance in a lively and rhythmic manner to entertain the audience. This traditional performance adds a vibrant and energetic element to the festivities.

•Kummattikali: This is a traditional dance where participants wear elaborate masks and costumes. The performers move through the streets, engaging with spectators through dance and music, adding to the festive atmosphere.

•Athachamayam: The festival begins with Athachamayam, a grand procession featuring traditional music, dance, and floats. It is a colorful event that marks the start of the Onam celebrations and showcases Kerala’s rich cultural heritage.

•Thumbi Thullal: This traditional dance, performed mainly by women, involves rhythmic movements and intricate hand gestures. The dance is accompanied by traditional songs and is performed during the Onam celebrations, highlighting the cultural richness of Kerala.

Cultural and Artistic Showcase

Onam is not just a festival but a celebration of Kerala’s rich cultural tapestry. During the festival, the state is adorned with decorations and lights, creating a festive ambiance. The various cultural events and activities offer visitors a unique opportunity to experience the hospitality and vibrant traditions of Kerala.

The festival’s diverse activities, from traditional dances and boat races to elaborate feasts, provide a comprehensive showcase of the region’s artistic and cultural diversity. Visitors can immerse themselves in the local customs and festivities, gaining a deeper appreciation for Kerala’s heritage.

Beyond the Mahabali Legend: Other Folktales and Myths

While the story of Mahabali is the most widely known, Onam is also associated with other myths and folktales:

•Kerala Mahatmyam: This ancient text, mentioned in the Brahmandapurana, provides additional context to the festival’s significance. It highlights the historical and religious aspects of Onam.

•Pathupattu and Madurai Kanji: Onam is also referenced in various literary works, including Pathupattu and Mangudi Maruthanar’s ‘Madurai Kanji’. These texts offer further insight into the festival’s historical and cultural context.

•Parashuram Connection: Another mythological figure linked to Onam is Parashuram, a revered sage and warrior. According to some traditions, Parashuram is said to have created Kerala by reclaiming land from the sea, and his connection to Onam is celebrated in various local stories and traditions.

Conclusion

Onam is a festival that embodies unity, cultural richness, and historical legacy. Through its vibrant celebrations and deep-rooted traditions, it brings people together and fosters a sense of pride and belonging. The festival’s various activities and legends highlight Kerala’s diverse heritage and offer a unique glimpse into the state’s cultural landscape. Onam, with its blend of myth, tradition, and communal joy, continues to be a cherished and celebrated part of Kerala’s cultural identity.